Oceanography, Ocean Technology and Marine Biology

The intrusion Seawater has been a challenging issue in the Indus River Estuary (IRE) for over the course of time. Hydrological and meteorological observations were examined through eclectic literature to bring about the causes of seawater intrusion in the waterbody. As the matter of fact, seawater intrusion and coastal erosion are causing deteriorating effects on ecosystem besides causing damage to the environment. The Indus Delta is under great vulnerability. The Indus deltaic region is not only threatened by continuing untoward activities in upstream but also by the near sea in the south, due to the impacts of regional weather conditions. Observational results suggest that the seawater intrusion is inching as much as 84 km upstream in the IRE during the dry season. Extensive field investigations and a high-resolution coastal ocean model are urgently needed for future study.