Day 1 :
Keynote Forum
Dewi Syahidah
Institute for Marine Research Aquaculture and Fisheries Extension (IMRAFE)
Keynote: Status and Challenges of Vaccination for Marine Fish in Indonesia: Are we working hard?
Time : 10:00am to 10:45 am
Biography:
Dewi Syahidah is Ph.D. graduate and she is a faculty at Institute for Marine Research Aquaculture and Fisheries Extension (IMRAFE).
Abstract:
Fish and their related products are crucial not only as nutritious diets in many countries but also as the least impactful sources of food to the natural environment. Therefore, they are vital for national, regional, and global food security and nutrition strategies. According to FAO, in 2017, the global consumption of protein from fish accounted for 17 percent of total animal protein. An analysis of from WordFish indicated that the Indonesia aquaculture will surpass its’ capture fisheries as the main source of fish in Indonesia before 2030 and that investment in this sector will be an important part of increasing domestic fish supply and consumption, keeping fish prices affordable for domestic consumers and contributing fisheries for food security and nutrition in Indonesia is maintained. Business-as usual projections indicate that aquaculture will grow to over 10.1 tonnes per year, creating 8.9 million jobs equivalent to full-time jobs in production and will be a sector with a production value of USD 39.5 billion in 2030. Increased investment in aquaculture for both export and domestic markets will generate greater social and economic benefits, increase the volume and value of production, expand employment, and increase domestic fish consumption.
- Oceanography | Physical Oceanography | Ocean Biogeochemistry | Fisheries Oceanography | Marine Pollution
Location: Webinar
Session Introduction
Sarah Hamade
Eastern Michigan University, MI 48197, USA
Title: COVID-19: The ocean, an ally against the virus.
Biography:
Sarah Hamade, an aspiring marine biologist who created the cure for self-poisoning Corydoras Catfish earlier this year was published in the Journal of Marine Biology and Oceanography. She graduated from Eastern Michigan University with psychology and biology background and is currently a behavioral therapist that works closely with autistic children. In 2017, Sarah created her own aquaponics experiment to demonstrate the damaging effect that radiation can have on aquatic life. With two more articles to be published and an editorial board member of The American Journal of Life Science, she plans on leaving her mark on the marine biology community.
Abstract:
The COVID-19 pandemic has had an unprecedented impact on the population and healthcare system. Researchers worldwide are frantically searching for a cure or a vaccine to combat the virus. While this may be achieved via conventional methods, potential valuable resources in our fight may lie in our vast ocean ecosystems. Red Algae griffithisin, sea sponge lasonolide, sea lamprey lymphocytes, and cone snail ziconotide have all shown promising uses in the healthcare industry. The purpose of this research is to present and describe the aforementioned resources and how they can aid in our battle against COVID-19.
Chinedum Onyemechi
Federal University of Technology Owerri Nigeria
Title: Mitigating Ship Source Air Emissions in the Ocean Sub sector: Control and Compliance
Biography:
Chinedum Onyemechi graduated from the Federal University of Technology Owerri, Nigeria, Department of Maritime Management Technology, 1989.After some years in the private sector ,part of which includes the Nigerian Ports Authority(NYSC),Shipping and Ports Administration programme (UNILAG CONSULT),he proceeded for his M.Sc in 1998 and took employment with the Federal University of Technology Owerri as a Research Assistant. He was awarded an M.Sc in the year 2003 and appointed as an Assistant Lecturer the same year. In the year 2011,he was awarded a PhD in Maritime Management Technology. .He became a Senior Lecturer in the year 2012 and has been promoted Reader in the professorial cadre ‘Maritime Management Technology’ in the year 2015. Dr Chinedum Onyemechi became a Member of the Nigerian Institute of Shipping in 1990 and the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers in the year 2008. He became the Acting Head of Department of the Department of Maritime Management Technology, an office he assumed in the month of July, 2016 until November 2017. Dr Chinedum Onyemechi is an accomplished academic with over eighty published works in Maritime Management Technology most of which has been presented in academic and industry based conferences in countries including but not limited to United Kingdom, Egypt, South Africa, United States of America, Canada, India, Spain, Russia and Nigeria
Abstract:
The issue of climate change affecting the ozone layer demands critical efforts from different sub sectors of the world carbon source emission sources cutting across the Agricultural sub sector, the oil and gas sub sector, the fossil fuel technology sub sector to mention but a few. Under the fossil fuel technology sub sector, the marine industry by having fossil fuel powered ships in the waters contributes a good measure to green house gas emissions. In view of this fact the sector has instituted good number of measures to address the mitigation of ship source emissions through regulations developed by the International Maritime Organization (IMO).The work first reviewed the various air emissions control mechanisms developed for the sector. Next, the work developed a model of compliance to these rules for both flag states and port states using port state control mechanisms. Both oxides of nitrogen NOx and oxides of sulphur SOx compliance were covered in the light of IMO, Marine pollution convention MARPOL73/78 as currently amended. The theories of efficiency and responsiveness were applied in eliminating laxity in the overall ocean emissions sub sector. Recently, in the year 2020 the requirement for Sox and NOx was increased thus placing higher demand on the overall maritime sector. New solutions to date include the use scrubbers to divert air pollution to the waters, the use of alternative fuels such as LNG. The expected effect is certainly a reduction in air pollution with attending supply chain multiplier effects on marine logistics and offshore infrastructures. The effect of these changes are more global than anticipated especially when placed in contradistinction to recent developments in ozone layer depletion in the year 2020. This year saw the creation of a space in the ozone layer as large as the size of Greenland in the Northern Hemisphere. The same year also came a global lockdown which reduced the emission level from transport based source of emissions .Coincidentally, the large space /opening in the ozone layer in the Northern hemisphere got sealed up. The level of correlation between reduced emissions arising from the lock down and the closing of the ozone layer is yet to be determined. Further extension of the 2020 Marine Sulphur cap regulation is required in the hinterland part of the Logistics supply chain to maintain ozone layer equilibrium in the earths’ atmosphere. States, nations and world monitoring bodies such as the United Nations in consultation with consultants should form an inclusive ecosystem geared at reducing global NOx and SOx emission.
Khoshkhou Maryam
Department of Physics, Research center Razi Rey (Tehran), Iran
Title: The study of stratification and stability of Qeshm island west coast water and Mangrove forest
Biography:
My name is Maryam Khoshkhou , I graduated form Shiraz University in BA of Nuclear Physics and received my MA from Tehran University of Science and Research in the Physical Oceanography. I have worked as a teacher in the Education for 23 years, and also7 years in university. I have rendered 25 Articles in domestic and overseas conferences. At present, I work for one of the Education centers.
Abstract:
Persian Gulf is one of the important bodies of water which has a very difficult and overwhelming dominant ecosystem due to severe environmental conditions such as temperature and salinity. The observation data in2006, within atmospheric data that refer to Qeshm island station in commendation answer of sea coefficient on equation of condition and permanent,Water temperature and local wind are studied. The defined physical quantity diffrencies with use of spectrum graph has been analyzed.At the beginning of hot days,the weather change in column of water,Thermocline layer has appeared.The existence of Thermocline layer in Summer in effect of hot water capacity and penetration hot water in Winter into the lower layers. Statistical system related to interrelationship of studied parameters represents that: in most time of year, salinity an density of water increased and temperature is decreased by depth increase. Surface and deep temperature of water has a negative interrelationship with salinity and density. According to pirson interrelationship coefficient between temperature, salinity and surface density ,we concluded that water surface temperature in surface density has more effect than salinity.
Biography:
Mr. Takao Yamashita graduated from Kyoto University, Faculty of Engineering in 1975, awarded the Master of Engineer at Kyoto University in 1977, Dr. Eng. from Kyoto University in 1994. After Assistant and Associate Professor of Kyoto University in the field of coastal disaster prevention studies in 1977-2006, he moved to Hiroshima University as a Professor of Graduate School of International Development and Cooperation in 2006. He has conducted research and teaching of global and regional environmental impact assessment and retired Hiroshima University this year to be a Professor Emeritus.
Abstract:
Using the MIROC4h output of CMIP5, IPCC AR5, and NASA's Reconstructed Sea Level Version 1, the near future changes in sea level and typhoon possibility in the Pacific Ocean were analyzed to understand the future external conditions of coastal processes affected by global and regional climate changes. Beach erosion by extreme waves and coastal recovering processes by normal waves were made clear by the multi-slice fan beam measurement of detail beach topography in Kochi coast. Using the measurements of shoreline and detail beach profile changes, the nearshore sediment distribution was estimated by integrating the sediment budget from the clear lateral boundary conditions (such as the fixed boundary conditions of zero sediment transport) together with cross-shore sediment transport rate. Another estimation method of sediment transport system from output of shallow water wave simulation, SWAN, was developed and applied it to a pocket beach case and Kochi coast facing the Pacific Ocean. In this method, a third-generation spectral wave model in shallow waters such as SWAN has been put into practical use, it has become possible to simulate the propagation of shallow waters irregular waves in consideration of the energy dissipation characteristics due to depth-induced wave breaking. It has become possible to reproduce the surf zone energy dissipation of bore by using the output of SWAN’s depth-induced breaking energy dissipation rate to estimate the sediment transport rate in the surf zone.
Ho-Shong Hou
Deputy Minister, Ministry of Economic Affairs, Taiwan
Title: Coastal Morphological Changes of the Hualien Protected Beach on the Eastern Coast Zones of Taiwan
Biography:
Dr. Hou worked for three years as a hydraulic laboratory director and chief research engineer with the Taichung Harbor Project, a man-made deep-water port construction on the West Coast of Taiwan. In 1976, Dr. Hou received his Ph.D. in civil and coastal engineering at the University of Florida. He then worked as the Director of the Graduate Institute of Harbor and Ocean Engineering at the National Taiwan Ocean University, and as an adjunct professor of the Institute of Naval Architecture at National Taiwan University. Dr. Hou subsequently became the Deputy Director of the Harbor Research Institute in Taichung for the following five years, whilst maintaining his two professorships. Soon after he accepted an offer to become the Division Director (and afterward Deputy Director-General) of the Institute of Transportation of the Ministry of Transportation and Communications (MOTC), positions he held for a total of 12 years. In 1995, he was promoted to Director-General of Department of Railways and Highways within the MOTC. During his employment at the MOTC, Dr. Hou was responsible for much reform in the realm of highway policy, and was involved in many major and highly successful infrastructure projects. His great achievements in these two areas brought ground transportation in Taiwan into a new era of efficiency and safety
Abstract:
Hualien Coast, facing the Pacific Ocean, is located in the middle east coast of Taiwan. It is bounded by the Meilum River in the north, the Hualien River in the south and is nearby the west out-skirt breakwater of Port of Hualien as shown in Figure 1. After completion of extending the Eastern Outer Breakwater in 1989, the Hualien Protected Beaches (the downstream of Hualien Harbour Entrance) have very marvelous supernatural change. The southern concave shoreline is scouring and retreating severly, very seriously affecting the coastal morphological changes. Therefore South Bin (Shores) need to be protected by detached breakwaters (built by the Link Block) and reclaimed beaches(by dredging river sand) behind the detached breakwaters to stabilise the Sout Bin, optimal solution of countermeasures are performed.
Biography:
Ajay Shanker obtained his BS and MS degrees in Civil Engineering in India and then completed his PhD in Structural Engineering from Texas Tech University, Lubbock Texas USA in 1990. For the past 26 years, he has been serving as a faculty member at the University of Florida. He has completed 23 research grants in the fields of structural engineering and hurricane resistant construction and has advised about 70 students for their theses and dissertations.
Abstract:
Longboat Key is a town in Manatee and Sarasota counties along the central west coast of the state of Florida, USA, located on the barrier island of the same name. Longboat Key is to the south of Anna Maria 611 Island, between Sarasota Bay and the Gulf of Mexico. Town of Longboat Key was incorporated in 1955 and has land area of 11 square kilometers and a population of 7000. The Colony, a beach-front luxury tourist resort, located at 1620, Gulf Coast Drive, Longboat Key, is an 18-acre resort containing 234 condominium units, many tennis courts, restaurant and other amenities. The current land value of resort is estimated at $36 million. This resort was built in 1970s and operated profitably with high tourist occupancy for about fifty years. However, because of poor maintenance and salt laden environment, rotting of wood siding, rusting of structural steel and concrete rebars continued for many years. Eventually all building became structurally deficient and dangerous for occupancy. The town commission then closed down the resort and asked everybody to leave. Between 2010 and 2014, degradation of buildings accelerated and building components e.g., door, windows, balconies, started falling down and the town commission started worrying about the colony becoming a source of wind-borne debris in case of a hurricane. The town commission then approached Rinker School of Construction Management to conduct a detailed study for the potential of Wind-Borne debris hazard.
Misbah Younis
Fatima Jinnah Women University, Pakistan
Title: How plastic pollution causing climate change:A case study of first marine protected area of Pakistan(Astola Island)
Biography:
Currently i am doing M.phil (Environmental Sciences) from Fatima Jinnah Women University, the mall Rawalpindi Pakistan.I am working as a volunteer in IUCN attending 7th Asia reginol consevation forum in 2019.Recently, presented a poster in North America Conservation Congress Biology NACCB 2020 in july 27-31,2020 (virtual conference).
Abstract:
Astola Island is the first marine protected area of Pakistan acknowledged on June 15, 2017. This is also known as Jazeera Haft Taller (Island of seven hills). It covers an area of 6.7km2 in width, 240 feet high above sea level and buffer zone of 401.47 km2. It is a rich biodiversity hotspot, inhabiting endangered species like Green turtle, Hawksbill turtle, and Arabian Humpback whale. It is the home of a variety of birds e.g. Lars hemprichii, Artic Skua, Sooty gull and almatian pelican. Around Kawaka hazard shrine six plant species of Props juliflora are concentrated due to anthropogenic activities. A saw-scaled Russell’s viper is endemic to Island. Marine ecology of Astola Island is affected by plastic pollution resulting in coral destruction, ocean acidification, global warming,climate change, fishing nets blockage, water pollution, illegal fishing and coastal erosion. Astola is uninhabited offshore largest island due to high tides, roughness of the sea and fishing-off Season Island remains unpopulated mostly from June to August.Due to sunlight plastic present in Astola Island release powerful greenhouse gases and converted into microplastics. Environmental micro plastics are a complex cocktail of toxicants which transfer the plastic-associated chemicals to humans.Ingestion of microplastic by aquatic organisms released plastic-associated chemicals into animal’s gut and subsequently transfers to aquatic food web.Plastic pollution is not just an oceans issue but it’s a climate issue.
Biography:
Hans-Uwe Dahms was born in Germany where he received his PhD and DSc degrees in Biology. He was invited to more than 80 countries worldwide for research and lecturing. He is currently a Professor at the Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology in Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan. His current research is concerned with environmental health issues affecting public health.
Abstract:
Xenobiotics are affecting the oceans. Among them are antibiotics (ABs) used worldwide to treat diseases and protect the health of humans, animals and plans alike. They are also incorporated into animal feed to improve growth rate and feed efficiency. As antibiotics are poorly absorbed in the gut, the majority is excreted unchanged in feces and urine. Given that land applications of sewage and its subsequent leaching to aquifers is often a common practice in many countries, there is a growing international concern about the potential impact of antibiotic residues on the environment. Frequent use of antibiotics has also raised concerns about increased antibiotic resistance of microorganisms. We here give the opportunity to update information available in the literature on the use, sales, exposure pathways, environmental occurrence, fate, effects and remediation of ABs in the aquatic environment. Only recently, more complex investigations of ABs were made to assess the environmental risks they may pose. Within the last decade an increasing number of studies covering antibiotic input, occurrence, fate and effects were published, but there is still a lack of understanding about antibiotics in the aquatic environment with respect to input sources and quantities, pathways, fate and effects on non-target organisms.
Luo Ping Zhang
Xiamen University, China
Title: Concept of ecosystem intrinsic value and application in marine environment
Biography:
Luo Ping Zhang has his expertise in marine environmental monitoring and integrated environmental quality assessment, strategic environmental assessment and environmental risk assessment, coastal and regional environmental planning and management.
Abstract:
So far, the most popular methods for ecosystem valuation are ecosystem service valuation (ESV), which is based on the utility of ecosystem to human beings rather than on the objective value of the ecosystem. After more than 10 years’ application, it has been found that all losses of ESV were about 10% of the benefits of human activities. The ecosystem intrinsic value (EIV) is defined as an objective value of ecosystem in the earlier studies that emerges from the existence, substance, energy, information, structures, functions and processes of ecosystem, but independent with man, man’s will and preferences. The valuating approach and methods for EIV were developed by using the methods of emergy analysis and eco-exergy analysis from the ecosystem properties, which represents the existent value and the externally working capacity (creative value) of ecosystem, respectively. The evaluating approach and methods of EIV were applied into Xiamen Bay and Pearl River Estuary, China. The results showed that the EIVs of both ecosystems were around USD 54 million km-2 that were irrespective with their socio-economical levels. It demonstrates that the EIVs are the objective value of the ecosystem and independent of human consciousness, will and preference. The total marine EIV in Xiamen Bay was nearly 30 times of ESV and 8.5 times of the GDP of Xiamen marine industry in 2010. EIV in unit area is more than 10 times of the average global ESV in estuaries, the highest marine ESV. It implies a potential undervaluation to ecosystem value by ESV concept and approach. Due to its under-valuating ecosystem, as a result, ESV may mislead decision-making process and results in that ecological degradation continues to accelerate. All of these show that EIV is an objective value of ecosystem, a more rational value can just conserve ecosystem by using it and support decision-making towards sustainability.